Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic among Women Seeking Contraceptive Methods.

OBJECTIVE: To determine knowledge, attitude, and preventive (KAP) practices towards the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic among women in reproductive age seeking to use copper or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUD/LNG-IUS). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we applied a questionnaire on 400 women about KAP practices on COVID-19 at the University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil, from May to August 2020. RESULTS: The mean (±SD) age of the women was 30.8 ± 7.9 years, and 72.8% of them reported being pregnant at least once. Most women (95%) had heard or read about COVID-19, and their main sources of information were television (91%) and government websites (53%). However, 53% of the women had doubts about the veracity of the information accessed. CONCLUSION: Women without a partner and with > 12 years of schooling had more information about COVID-19 and on its impact on new pregnancy, and those from high socioeconomic status had a higher chance of maintaining physical distance. Safety, effectiveness, comfort, and absence of hormone in the contraceptive method (in the case of TCu380A IUD) were the main reasons for the participants to seek the service during the pandemic, and the possibility to stop menstrual bleeding was the main reason to choose the LNG-IUS.

OBJETIVO: Determinar o conhecimento, atitude e práticas preventivas (CAP) em relação à pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) entre mulheres em idade reprodutiva que buscam usar dispositivo intrauterino com cobre (DIU TCu 380) ou sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel (SIU-LNG). MéTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal e um questionário foi aplicado a 400 mulheres para conhecer o CAP sobre o COVID-19 na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil, no período de maio a agosto de 2020. RESULTADOS: A média (±DP) de idade das mulheres foi de 30,8 ± 7,9 anos, e 72,8% delas relataram ter engravidado pelo menos uma vez. A maioria das mulheres (95%) tinha ouvido ou lido sobre a a Covid-19, e suas principais fontes de informação foram a televisão (91%) e sites do governo (53%). Porém, 53% das mulheres tinham dúvidas a respeito da veracidade das informações acessadas. CONCLUSãO: Mulheres sem companheiro e com mais de 12 anos de escolaridade tiveram mais informações sobre a COVID-19 e sobre o seu impacto em uma nova gravidez, e aquelas de nível socioeconômico alto tiveram maior chance de manter distância física. Segurança, eficácia, conforto e ausência de hormônio no método anticoncepcional (no caso do DIU TCu380A) foram os principais motivos para as participantes procurarem o serviço durante a pandemia, e a possibilidade de controlar o sangramento menstrual abundante foi o principal motivo para a escolha do SIU-LNG.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic among Women Seeking Contraceptive Methods / Conhecimento, atitude e práticas relacionadas à pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 entre mulheres que buscam métodos anticoncepcionais

Abstract Objective To determine knowledge, attitude, and preventive (KAP) practices towards the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic among women in reproductive age seeking to use copper or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUD/LNG-IUS). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we applied a questionnaire on 400 women about KAP practices on COVID-19 at the University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil, from May to August 2020. Results The mean (±SD) age of the women was 30.8±7.9 years, and 72.8% of them reported being pregnant at least once. Most women (95%) had heard or read about COVID-19, and their main sources of information were television (91%) and government websites (53%). However, 53% of the women had doubts about the veracity of the information accessed. Conclusion Women without a partner and with>12 years of schooling had more information about COVID-19 and on its impact on new pregnancy, and those from high socioeconomic status had a higher chance of maintaining physical distance. Safety, effectiveness, comfort, and absence of hormone in the contraceptive method (in the case of TCu380A IUD) were the main reasons for the participants to seek the service during the pandemic, and the possibility to stop menstrual bleeding was the main reason to choose the LNG-IUS.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar o conhecimento, atitude e práticas preventivas (CAP) em relação à pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) entre mulheres em idade reprodutiva que buscam usar dispositivo intrauterino com cobre (DIU TCu 380) ou sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel (SIU-LNG). Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal e um questionário foi aplicado a 400 mulheres para conhecer o CAP sobre o COVID-19 na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil, no período de maio a agosto de 2020. Resultados A média (±DP) de idade das mulheres foi de 30,8±7,9 anos, e 72,8% delas relataram ter engravidado pelo menos uma vez. A maioria das mulheres (95%) tinha ouvido ou lido sobre a a Covid-19, e suas principais fontes de informação foram a televisão (91%) e sites do governo (53%). Porém, 53% das mulheres tinham dúvidas a respeito da veracidade das informações acessadas. Conclusão Mulheres sem companheiro e com mais de 12 anos de escolaridade tiveram mais informações sobre a COVID-19 e sobre o seu impacto em uma nova gravidez, e aquelas de nível socioeconômico alto tiveram maior chance de manter distância física. Segurança, eficácia, conforto e ausência de hormônio no método anticoncepcional (no caso do DIU TCu380A) foram os principais motivos para as participantes procurarem o serviço durante a pandemia, e a possibilidade de controlar o sangramento menstrual abundante foi o principal motivo para a escolha do SIU-LNG.

Sexual function and quality of life in a cohort of brazilian users of two kind of intrauterine contraceptives / Função sexual e qualidade de vida em uma amostra de brasileiras usuárias de dois tipos de contraceptivos intrauterinos

Abstract Objective To compare sexual function and quality of life (QOL) among intrauterine contraceptive (copper-intrauterine device [Cu-IUD] or the 52-mg 20 μg/day levonorgestrel- releasing intrauterine system [LNG-IUS]) users. Methods This was part of a cross-sectional study. Women aged between 18 and 49 years old, in a heterosexual relationship, reporting sexual intercourse in the previous 4 weeks, using Cu-IUD (Group 1) or LNG-IUS (Group 2) responded to a questionnaire with sociodemographic information, to the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), to the World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), and to a questionnaire about the contraceptive method used. The Student t-test, the Pearson χ2 test or the Fisher exact test, and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the analysis. For the adjusted comparison, we have used the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). A multiple regression analyzing factors related to FSFI 26.55 was done. Significance was established at p < 0.05. Results A total of 347 women in Group 1 (mean age of 32.3 ± 7.5 years old) and of 298 in Group 2 (mean age of 32.7 ± 6.4 years old) completed the questionnaires.Most women had ≥ 8 years of schooling, were in amonogamous relationship, and had had ≤ 2 pregnancies. A total of 122 Cu-IUD and of 87 LNG-IUS users scored ≤ 26.55 on the FSFI. Significant lower scores in physical, environmental, and overall QOL domains in the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire were found in Group 1. More women using the Cu- IUD were not satisfied with the method. Conclusion We did not find significant differences in sexual function; there was a lower score in some domains of QOL among women who used the Cu-IUD. It was not possible to ensure that those differences were related to the contraceptive method.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a função sexual e a qualidade de vida (QV) entre usuárias de contraceptivos intrauterinos (dispositivo intrauterino com cobre [DIU-cobre] ou sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel [SIU-LNG 52 mg 20 μg/dia]. Métodos O presente estudo foi parte de um estudo de corte transversal. Mulheres com idades entre 18 e 49 anos, em relacionamento heterossexual, relatando relação sexual nas 4 semanas anteriores, utilizando DIU-cobre (Grupo 1) ou SIU-LNG (Grupo 2) responderam ao questionário com informações sociodemográficas, ao Índice de Função Sexual Feminino (IFSF), ao Questionário de QV da Organização Mundial de Saúde, versão abreviada (WHOQOL-BREF, na sigla eminglês), e a umquestionário sobre ométodo contraceptivo utilizado criado para o presente estudo. Os testes t de Student, o teste χ2 de Pearson, o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney foram utilizados. A análise de covariância (ANCOVA) foi utilizada para a comparação ajustada. Foi realizada a análise de regressão logística multivariada analisando fatores associados ao IFSF ≤ 26.55. O nível de significância foi p < 0.05. Resultados Um total de 347 mulheres no Grupo 1 (idade média 32,3 ± 7,5 anos) e de 298 no Grupo 2 (idade média 32,7 ± 6,4 anos) completaram os questionários. A maioria das mulheres relatou ≥ 8 anos de escolaridade, estava emrelaçãomonogâmica e teve ≤ 2 gestações. Um total de 122 e de 87 usuárias do DIU-cobre e do SIU-LNG, respectivamente, pontuaram ≤ 26,55 no IFSF. Pontuações significativamente menores nos domínios físico, meio-ambiente e QV geral no WHOQOL-BREF foram encontrados no Grupo 1. Mais mulheres do Grupo 1 estavam insatisfeitas com o método. Conclusão Não encontramos diferenças na função sexual, entretanto havia menores pontuações em certos domínios da QV entre as usuárias do DIU-cobre. Não foi possível afirmar relação dessas diferenças com os métodos.

Sexual Function and Quality of Life in a Cohort of Brazilian Users of Two Kind of Intrauterine Contraceptives.

OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual function and quality of life (QOL) among intrauterine contraceptive (copper-intrauterine device [Cu-IUD] or the 52-mg 20 µg/day levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system [LNG-IUS]) users. METHODS: This was part of a cross-sectional study. Women aged between 18 and 49 years old, in a heterosexual relationship, reporting sexual intercourse in the previous 4 weeks, using Cu-IUD (Group 1) or LNG-IUS (Group 2) responded to a questionnaire with sociodemographic information, to the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), to the World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), and to a questionnaire about the contraceptive method used. The Student t-test, the Pearson χ2 test or the Fisher exact test, and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the analysis. For the adjusted comparison, we have used the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). A multiple regression analyzing factors related to FSFI ≤ 26.55 was done. Significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 347 women in Group 1 (mean age of 32.3 ± 7.5 years old) and of 298 in Group 2 (mean age of 32.7 ± 6.4 years old) completed the questionnaires. Most women had ≥ 8 years of schooling, were in a monogamous relationship, and had had ≤ 2 pregnancies. A total of 122 Cu-IUD and of 87 LNG-IUS users scored ≤ 26.55 on the FSFI. Significant lower scores in physical, environmental, and overall QOL domains in the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire were found in Group 1. More women using the Cu-IUD were not satisfied with the method. CONCLUSION: We did not find significant differences in sexual function; there was a lower score in some domains of QOL among women who used the Cu-IUD. It was not possible to ensure that those differences were related to the contraceptive method.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a função sexual e a qualidade de vida (QV) entre usuárias de contraceptivos intrauterinos (dispositivo intrauterino com cobre [DIU-cobre] ou sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel [SIU-LNG 52 mg 20 µg/dia]. MéTODOS: O presente estudo foi parte de um estudo de corte transversal. Mulheres com idades entre 18 e 49 anos, em relacionamento heterossexual, relatando relação sexual nas 4 semanas anteriores, utilizando DIU-cobre (Grupo 1) ou SIU-LNG (Grupo 2) responderam ao questionário com informações sociodemográficas, ao Índice de Função Sexual Feminino (IFSF), ao Questionário de QV da Organização Mundial de Saúde, versão abreviada (WHOQOL-BREF, na sigla em inglês), e a um questionário sobre o método contraceptivo utilizado criado para o presente estudo. Os testes t de Student, o teste χ2 de Pearson, o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney foram utilizados. A análise de covariância (ANCOVA) foi utilizada para a comparação ajustada. Foi realizada a análise de regressão logística multivariada analisando fatores associados ao IFSF ≤ 26.55. O nível de significância foi p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Um total de 347 mulheres no Grupo 1 (idade média 32,3 ± 7,5 anos) e de 298 no Grupo 2 (idade média 32,7 ± 6,4 anos) completaram os questionários. A maioria das mulheres relatou ≥ 8 anos de escolaridade, estava em relação monogâmica e teve ≤ 2 gestações. Um total de 122 e de 87 usuárias do DIU-cobre e do SIU-LNG, respectivamente, pontuaram ≤ 26,55 no IFSF. Pontuações significativamente menores nos domínios físico, meio-ambiente e QV geral no WHOQOL-BREF foram encontrados no Grupo 1. Mais mulheres do Grupo 1 estavam insatisfeitas com o método. CONCLUSãO: Não encontramos diferenças na função sexual, entretanto havia menores pontuações em certos domínios da QV entre as usuárias do DIU-cobre. Não foi possível afirmar relação dessas diferenças com os métodos.

The Use of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives and the Relationship between Discontinuation Rates due to Menopause and to Female and Male Sterilizations.

Introduction Women require effective contraception until they reach menopause. The long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) and the depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera®, Pfizer, Puurs, Belgium) are great options and can replace possible sterilizations. Purpose To assess the relationship between the use of LARCs and DMPA and terminations ascribed to menopause and sterilizations in a Brazilian clinic. Methods We reviewed the records of women between 12 and 50 years of age attending the clinic that chose to use a LARC method or DMPA. Cumulative termination rates due to sterilization or because the woman had reached menopause were computed using single decrement life-table analysis over 32 years. We also examined all records of surgical sterilization at our hospital between the years 1980-2012. Results Three hundred thirty-two women had continuously used the same contraceptive until menopause, and 555 women had discontinued the method because they or their partners underwent sterilization. From year 20 to year 30 of use, levonorgestrel intrauterine-releasing system (LNG-IUS - Mirena®, Bayer Oy, Turku, Finland; available since 1980), copper intrauterine device (IUD - available since 1980) and DMPA users showed a trend of cumulative higher discontinuation rates due to menopause when compared with the discontinuation rates due to sterilization. Over the study period, a steep decline in the use of sterilization occurred. Conclusion Over the past 15 years of research we have observed a trend: women usually preferred to continue using LARC methods or DMPA until menopause rather than decide for sterilization, be it their own, or their partners'. The annual number of sterilizations dropped in the same period. The use of LARC methods and DMPA until menopause is an important option to avoid sterilization, which requires a surgical procedure with potential complications.

The Use of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives and the Relationship between Discontinuation Rates due to Menopause and to Female and Male Sterilizations / Uso de contraceptivos reversíveis de longa duração e a relação entre taxas de descontinuidade devido à menopausa e à esterilização de homens e mulheres

Abstract Introduction Women require effective contraception until they reach menopause. The long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) and the depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera(r), Pfizer, Puurs, Belgium) are great options and can replace possible sterilizations. Purpose To assess the relationship between the use of LARCs and DMPA and terminations ascribed to menopause and sterilizations in a Brazilian clinic. Methods We reviewed the records of women between 12 and 50 years of age attending the clinic that chose to use a LARC method or DMPA. Cumulative termination rates due to sterilization or because the woman had reached menopause were computed using single decrement life-table analysis over 32 years. We also examined all records of surgical sterilization at our hospital between the years 1980-2012. Results Three hundred thirty-two women had continuously used the same contraceptive until menopause, and 555 women had discontinued the method because they or their partners underwent sterilization. From year 20 to year 30 of use, levonorgestrel intrauterine-releasing system (LNG-IUS - Mirena(r), Bayer Oy, Turku, Finland; available since 1980), copper intrauterine device (IUD - available since 1980) and DMPA users showed a trend of cumulative higher discontinuation rates due to menopause when compared with the discontinuation rates due to sterilization. Over the study period, a steep decline in the use of sterilization occurred. Conclusion Over the past 15 years of research we have observed a trend: women usually preferred to continue using LARC methods or DMPA until menopause rather than decide for sterilization, be it their own, or their partners'. The annual number of sterilizations dropped in the same period. The use of LARC methods and DMPA until menopause is an important option to avoid sterilization, which requires a surgical procedure with potential complications.

Resumo Introdução Mulheres necessitam de contracepção até atingirem a menopausa. Os contraceptivos reversíveis de longa duração e o acetato de medroxiprogesterona de depósito (AMPD) são ótimas opções para substituir possíveis esterilizações. Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre o uso de contraceptivos reversíveis de longa duração (LARCs) e AMPD com terminações atribuídas à menopausa e a esterilizações em uma clínica brasileira. Métodos Revisamos os registros de mulheres entre 12 e 50 anos de idade atendidas em clínica e que escolheram usar LARC ou AMPD. Índices de terminação acumulada devido à esterilização ou à menopausa foram computados usando análise de tabela de vida durante 32 anos. Também examinamos todos os registros de cirurgias de esterilização em nosso hospital no período de 1980 a 2012. Resultados Trezentas e trinta e duas mulheres usaram continuamente o mesmo contraceptivo até a menopausa, e 555 mulheres não deram continuidade ao método pelo fato de elas ou seus parceiros terem se submetido à esterilização. De 20 a 30 anos de uso, usuários de sistema intrauterino de levonorgestrel, dispositivo intrauterino de cobre e AMPD apresentaram tendência de maiores índices de descontinuidade devido à menopausa quando comparados a índices de descontinuidade devido à esterilização. No período de estudo, ocorreu um declínio acentuado no uso de esterilização. Conclusão Nos últimos 15 anos do estudo, foi observada uma tendência na qual mulheres optaram mais por continuar usando LARC ou AMPD até a menopausa do que pela esterilização própria ou de seus parceiros. O número anual de esterilizações caiu no mesmo período. O uso de LARC e AMPD até a menopausa é uma opção importante para evitar a esterilização, que exige um procedimento cirúrgico com potenciais complicações.

Relation between glycemic levels and low tract urinary symptoms in elderly.

INTRODUCTION: Due the low mortality attributed to BPH, the evaluation of the impacts of LUTS on quality of life of the patients has great importance, especially on the concern of therapeutic choices, except on cases of formal surgery indication. This increase is directly related with difficulties to perform ordinary tasks and a normal living in community. OBJECTIVES: Determinate an association among Diabetes mellitus II and BPH symptoms in a group of elder men. METHODOLOGY: This is an observational clinic trial, comparative. About 62 male subjects, 60 years old or more have been active interviewed. They were divided in two similarly groups. First was composed by men without diabetes and the second with diabetic men. For the evaluation of prostatic symptoms, it was utilized the IPSS. RESULTS: Mean age on Group I was 67.6 years old, while on Group II was 68.7 years old (p = 0.1521). After questionnaire, 51.5% of participants on Group I and 54.2% on Group II presented Systemic Arterial Hypertension (p = 0.099). IPSS was higher on group II (p < 0.0005). DISCUSSION: Diabetes mellitus was positively associated with the increasing of the LUTS, especially NOCTÚRIA. Patients on group I had a media of 14.2 points on IPSS questionnaire, while those on group II reached the media of 7 points. This pattern was the same even after the age, corporal mass and social/economic adjustment. CONCLUSION: There is a statistically association between DM and LUTS on Elder men, evaluated through a specific questionnaire.

Comparison of the effects of electrical field stimulation and low-level laser therapy on bone loss in spinal cord-injured rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and electrical stimulation (ES) on bone loss in spinal cord-injured rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: standard control group (CG); spinal cord-injured control (SC); spinal cord-injured treated with laser (SCL; GaAlAs, 830 nm, CW, 30 mW/cm, 250 J/cm(2)); and spinal cord-injured treated with electrical field stimulation (SCE; 1.5 MHz, 1:4 duty cycles, 30 mW, 20 min). Biomechanical, densitometric, and morphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS: SC rats showed a significant decrease in bone mass, biomechanical properties, and morphometric parameters (versus CG). SCE rats showed significantly higher values of inner diameter and internal and external areas of tibia diaphyses; and the SCL group showed a trend toward the same result (versus SC). No increase was found in either mechanical or densitometric parameters. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the mentioned treatments were able to initiate a positive bone-tissue response, maybe through stimulation of osteoblasts, which was able to determine the observed morphometric modifications. However, the evoked tissue response could not determine either biomechanical or densitometric modifications.